Perfect Business Financing — Maybe No Outside Equity

Business financing

Chobani raised no equity financing

Many of the businesses that I end up working with in my investment fund, Greybull Stewardship, do not need outside equity capital — of the traditional sort.  They are growing and profitable and creating real value already. I learn about perfect business financing from them.

In the popular media, raising a next round of business funding is a mile-post along the mythical road of success.  This is true for many companies, but many other companies get pulled into the vortex of equity fundraising when it isn’t really necessary for their particular momentum.  For some companies, outside owners just create complexity and competing agendas down the road.  For many companies, the best answer can often be NOT bringing in outside owners and equity investors.

Business financing for growth

On the other hand, your company may still need capital to grow. Several companies have found different ways to obtain that capital without selling equity.  For many, their business model and working capital structure provide capital for growth from customers.  For others, they have figured out how to use prudent debt capital to finance their growth.  Prudent debt can be a valuable tool to business owners that is often underestimated.  Like any source of capital, it takes time and energy to understand all the different types of debt and to locate the debt capital providers that may be aligned with your business.  Both Clif Bar and Chobani mentioned below used prudent debt (at times, lots of debt) when they needed business financing.  Debt, like equity, is all about fit and alignment with your business as we have written about frequently.

Clif Bar and Chobani Demonstrate How to Have No Outside Equity Business Financing

One excellent example of a company that did a marvelous job of growing without outside equity capital is my neighbor down the street here in Emeryville, California, Clif Bar.  I wrote a blog post about them here in 2012.  I love their reasons for keeping the company independent, and I loved how the founder describes their struggle not to fall into the conventional wisdom of how to grow a company in his book Raising the Bar.

Chobani yogurt is another company where the founder has openly discussed his reasons for not raising outside business financing from venture capitalists and private equity funds.  Hamdi Ulukaya writes in a recent article in the Harvard Business Review, “Too many entrepreneurs believe it’s impossible to scale a business without relying on VCs or other equity investors. That view is wrong. If I could grow a company from zero to $1 billion in less than a decade in a capital-intensive industry, many other businesses can too.”  He writes about how being able to control his company was key to his success.  He further writes, “This is a crucial piece of the Chobani story. Our ability to grow without reliance on external investors—the venture capitalists, private equity types, strategic partners, and potential acquirers who’ve offered us money since we launched—was vital to our success.”

Both Chobani and Clif Bar did need outside capital to grow — they just chose to obtain it through a combination of debt financing and customer financing.  Chobani initially used an SBA loan and then used larger loans from his bank partners that had been involved with his business and watched it grow.  Ulukaya’s article in the Harvard Business Review is located here.

Other of my blog posts on perfect financing:

Invest in Strength Rather Than Work on Weakness

Investing in Strength - management tips

Invest in strength

For your business, do you believe it is more important to spend more time on your challenges or your opportunities?  Similarly, do you believe that you should invest in your strengths or work on your weaknesses?

The answer, of course, depends.  If the challenge in your business threatens your business all together, then it becomes obvious.  In most normal situations, however, we all probably spend more time worrying about our challenges and weaknesses than we should.

Invest In Your Strength

Fabrizio Freda, CEO of Estee Lauder, looks for his executives to strengthen their strengths, rather than trying to improve weaknesses. Freda says: “Don’t make people improve 10% or 20% in areas they’re not good at.  But that’s what companies do every day. It’s like a soccer coach telling the goal keeper to learn to play attack. . .  Companies waste their time pushing managers to work on their weaknesses.”

Peter Drucker says that once you master common courtesy and overcome bad habits, “One should waste as little effort as possible on improving areas of low competence.” Invest in your people’s strengths.

Similarly, I once received some advice that CEO’s should have the discipline to always work more on opportunities than challenges.  Challenges can be delegated, but often the CEO is the one who can most effectively pursue opportunities.  Daily challenges demand our attention constantly.  However, being magnificent at solving these small challenges may not matter in a few years while magnificently pursuing opportunities could make a large difference to the entire organization.

Fortune wrote an article about CEO Freda in their Nov 18, 2013 issue (behind their paywall).

Other of my blog posts on company culture:

New $20 Million Investment Fund Looking for Profitable, Fast-growing Businesses

Greybull Stewardship, L.P., an investment fund, completed in January 2014 its $20 million round two capital commitments. Since the fund’s January 2010 inception, annual returns have realized 23 percent after fees. As a result, existing Limited Partners (LPs) increased their commitments and new LPs were added for the second four-year cycle.investment

This fund is industry agnostic, focusing instead on lower middle market companies with between $1 to $3 million in EBITDA. Other criteria for the investment fund include strong competitive advantages, recurring revenue and management teams that hold significant equity in the businesses and plan to remain in place after an investment.greybull stewardship

“According to a Kauffman Foundation study, only 16 percent on the Inc. 500 list of the fastest growing private companies had venture capital backing, indicating there is a capital shortage in this sector,” said Mason Myers, general partner of Greybull Stewardship. “The companies in which we have invested to date have reached a tipping point. Our capital infusion supported by new governance structures gives management the tools to expand into their fast-growing middle markets.”

Evergreen investment fund flexibility

The fund’s evergreen structure is central to Myers’ strategy of realizing long-term, cash-on-cash returns with maximum flexibility for business owners. Evergreen investment funds have the flexibility to exit investments based on what is best for the business, rather than because of restrictions created by a fund’s limited life or other fund-specific limitations. Greybull Stewardship also focuses on generating returns by harvesting cash from annual profits through tax efficiencies in addition to the sale of investments. Such tax efficiencies are often well aligned with the objectives of portfolio company co-owners and management.

“I want founders and business owners to see Greybull Stewardship as an ideal co-owner of their growing, profitable company, just as Berkshire Hathaway is the buyer of choice for many great businesses that do not want to sell to an acquirer that will change things or a financial buyer that will sell the company a few short years later,” said Myers. “I have been a fan of Berkshire Hathaway philosophies ever since my high school years in Omaha, Nebraska. One of the lessons I took from Warren Buffett is to create a structure for Greybull Stewardship that makes this fund an investor preferred by the very best companies.”

Greybull Stewardship’s growth portfolio includes:

  • StormSource Software, the developer of Appointment-Plus, the worldwide leader in mobile and online scheduling software.online investment
  • Main Street Gourmet, a custom bakery specializing in custom foods such as cookies, muffins, brownies, granola, loaf cakes, toppings and desserts for grocery store bakeries and restaurants.baking investment
  • ABC Sports Camps provides registration services for sport camps and events by offering complete online management, marketing and reporting tools.
  • Real Estate Institute and Bookmark Education offer continuing education for real estate, mortgage, insurance, and legal professionals.
  • Sites for Law Firms provides websites for law firms with built in marketing and self-editable content.

“Over the last three years, the company has grown from just a handful of employees to a current team of over sixty people. In that time we’ve grown revenue at a compound rate of over 35% per year and become the leading appointment scheduling software in a significant market. We look forward to our continued partnership with Mason and his investors as we continue to expand our services globally,” said Bob La Loggia, founder and CEO, Appointment Plus.

Greybull Stewardship exists to provide business owners an ideal co-owner and steward of their business and to earn attractive long-term, compounding, cash-on-cash returns for investors. Greybull’s evergreen fund structure and flexible investment horizon are designed to align with the objectives of portfolio company co-owners and management. The portfolio is comprised of growing, profitable companies in the lower middle market with between $1 to $3 million in EBITDA.

Other Mason Myers blogs on investment funds:

Align Your “Loss Ratio” Expectations with Your Investors

Venture Capital Loss Ratio

Early stage venture capital has a high loss ratio as they hunt for the mythical “15 companies that matter.” More companies are realizing they do not need to undertake strategies that lead to such high loss ratios.

In early stage venture capital, the best investors expect that 40% of their investments will become worthless.  Thus, they focus on companies that could be worth billions because the winners have to make up for all their losses.  They want every company to shoot for the stars — and don’t mind if some crash and burn. For a recent discussion of this, please see Fred Wilson’s  (an excellent investor, by the way) AVC blog here.  This math of “40% loss ratios” makes sense for the big gambling investors — and is probably acceptable for early stage start-up founders who have created little value thus far.

More Companies Do Not Want to Accept High Loss Ratio Strategies

However, in today’s business world, more and more small to medium companies can bootstrap to profitability and continue growing at attractive rates.  Even with the companies that do not need to take the risk of high loss ratios, investors sometimes let venture capital traditions influence their thinking: they push for every company to take risks to be worth billions and to create value in 3-5 years when the venture capitalists have to sell the company to get a high return.

In today’s business world, such a fast push also increases the chances a company could become worthless.  The VC investor wouldn’t mind a 40% loss ratio — but for the business founder to lose the value created to date would be very painful.  The “go big or go home” model isn’t appropriate for someone who has already created $5 or $10 or $20 million of value, in my opinion.

My investment fund, Greybull Stewardship, is intended to fill the need for capital that is well aligned with the founders and co-owners of a company that is growing and profitable and doesn’t want to risk it all unnecessarily on a moon shot.

In our experience, there are many companies that fit the “growing and profitable” profile and their capital need is not well understood by the traditional venture capital community (influenced by early stage VC loss ratios and mindsets) or the traditional private equity firms that need to sell the company in 3-5 years.  Greybull Stewardship is set-up to maximize flexibility for the co-owners of our portfolio companies, so that we all can maximize the value creation with a strategy that makes sense rather than one that is dictated by the time limitations of a traditional venture capital fund or private equity fund.

Great Opportunities Beyond the “15 Companies Per Year That Matter”

In the pyramid graphic above, traditional early stage venture capitalists must focus on the very top of their pyramid where only a few companies per year will grow to be worth billions.  A conventional saying in Silicon Valley says that there are “only 15 new companies per year that matter.”  Every venture capitalist wants to find one of those 15.  This leaves a capital shortage for the next hundred or thousand companies that are good, growing, and interesting.  I recommend that a founder and owner of a business focus on making sure there is alignment between the source of your growth capital and your goals and aspirations.  There is no reason for you to follow the restrictions and mindset of traditional venture capital unless you are perfectly aligned with their loss ratio, growth plan, and exit time-frame.

Related Posts:

 

Investment Returns Are Not Greener by Changing Industries

It is easier to earn outsized investment returns in some industries over others — I agree with that conventional wisdom.  As an investor or entrepreneur, it often pays off to think hard about which industries to enter.  If you have a choice, why not increase your odds of success by selecting a market or industry with superior returns?  We have discussed this previously with this chart of the most profitable industries and thinking about persistently high returns through competitive advantage.

As a thought-provoking counter point, Evan Hirsh and Kasturi Rangan of Booz & Company published some research in the Harvard Business Review last year that suggests the variance in company performance within an industry can be larger than the variances between industries.  The full article is here.  Once you are already a CEO or a business owner in a certain industry, Hirsch and Rangan recommend it is better to focus on improving your performance within that industry rather than trying to change to a new industry through acquisitions or growth initiatives.

Investment Returns 2001-2011 by IndustryInvestment Returns

“Many manager focus on finding a ‘better’ industry to get into.  But if you look at the total shareholder returns within various industries over the past decade, you’ll see that the median performances (the yellow hash marks) are strikingly similar.  What differs is the range of returns (the pink bars).  So, instead of switching industries, concentrate on moving to the top of your own,” write Hirsh and Rangan.

This advice rings true to me.  Every business goes through difficult times — it is inevitable.  During those times, it is sometimes tempting to change a company’s focus from today’s poor industry or segment to another market.  CEO’s often think if we can just get out of this terrible industry, we could earn better investment returns.  It is extremely difficult to switch industries, particularly because many CEO’s do not realize:

  1. Managerial talent is not fungible.  A company and its management that are effective in one arena will not necessarily be effective in a new arena.
  2. Today’s “hot” industry will not always be so.  By the time a company pivots to the new industry, the dynamics of that industry may already have changed.

Related Posts:

Business Owners Must Balance Math (Finance) and Soul (Company Culture)

Owning a business means balancing all sorts of things.  We have explored this idea in a few other posts: the Art of Balance that has a starter list of 20 things a business owner must balance such as strategy vs. execution and delegating vs. doing, and another post focused on whether a CEO or business owner should focus inside or outside. Balancing financial performance and company culture.  What's more important?

One of the most important is balancing the financial performance with the soul of the company’s culture.  These items are not necessarily in opposition, but the time horizons of each may be a little different.  Investing in company culture as a competitive advantage can dramatically improve the company’s financial performance, and it can be an investment with a long time horizon.

I was reminded of this Art of Balance when the Publisher of Forbes, Rich Karlgaard, wrote about balancing the hard edge of business (financial rigor) with the soft edge (company culture) in a recent issue of Forbes.  Karlgaard wrote:

“A common existential debate exists within most companies and among most managers. It’s between the hard (financial rigor) and soft (sustaining cultural values) edges. Which side (hard or soft) should command the CEO’s attention? There’s a right answer for every company, and it will vary from year to year. But from my observational perch, it’s apparent that far too many CEOs invest too little time in their soft edge. In the long run their companies will pay for this mistake,” writes Karlgaard.   The full article can be found here from the January 20, 2014 issue of Forbes.

 Related Items:

 

Ideal business financing for growing, profitable companies in 100 posts or less?

“Teach what you want to learn” is the theme with which I started this blog in April 2012.  Since then, I have written 100 posts — which means I’ve learned for myself and shared what I’ve learned under several themes:Business Financing - 100 Business Posts Worth Reading

These themes and more were fun for me to write about.  I am looking forward to the new year and to the next 100 posts.

Know Thyself Helps You Manage Yourself by Peter Drucker

“Managing Oneself”, as written by Peter Drucker, may be a modern business addition to the foundation of “Know thyself,” the famous saying from the Greek Temple of Apollo at Delphi, and “To thine own self be true” in Shakespeare’s Hamlet (although this phrase’s speaker in the play, Polonius, gives questionable advice which suitably complicates our whole “knowing”).

Peter Drucker and Managing Oneself

Peter Drucker and Managing Oneself – Business Strategy

In today’s world, we all know that we must manage our own career and life.  We all have tremendous options and opportunities. Drucker says that “with opportunity comes responsibility” and that “knowledge workers, effectively, must be their own chief executive officers”.  To do this well, we “need to cultivate a deep understanding of yourself.”  A 12-page Harvard Business Review article can be found here, and a longer book is available and the Harvard Business Review has also created a collection of articles on this topic.

Peter Drucker Focuses on a Few Key Questions

  • What are my strengths? Build upon your strengths, says Drucker.  While he recommends that people work to improve bad habits and bad manners, he writes that “one should waste as little effort as possible on improving areas of low competence” and continues that “It takes far more energy and work to improve from incompetence to mediocrity than it takes to improve from first-rate performance to excellence.”
    • Feedback analysis:  Few things are more valuable than intelligent feedback, and our own ability to receive it effectively.  Drucker advocates not only receiving feedback from others, but writing down one’s own expectations from a decision or action and assessing the actual results months and years later.  He suggests that this method of observing results compared with expectations is an effective way of figuring out your strengths and weaknesses.
  • How do I work?  Importantly, he begins with the question of how does one learn — by writing, reading, or listening?  I would add another possible category — learning by doing which is what works best for some people.  This idea is apparent in many adult educational environments that focus on making sure the material is available to students in audio, visual, and kinesthetic methods of learning.  Drucker also poses the questions of whether you work best alone or with others, as a subordinate, or as part of a team.
    • Learning how to learn:  His ideas on this remind me of how we all need to continue to be learning how to learn more effectively.  Charlie Munger calls Warren Buffett a “learning machine”.  We all need to be learning machines as the world, our niche of the world, and everything else seems to change constantly.
  • What are my values?  Think about what is important to you living a worthy, ethical life and make sure that your job responsibilities and your organization are well aligned with your values.
  • Where do I belong?  What type of work environment allows you to be most productive and to make you the most fulfilled?  Drucker writes that “Knowing where one belongs can transform an ordinary person — hardworking and competent but otherwise mediocre — into an outstanding performer.”
  • What should I contribute?  Until recently, most people were subordinates who were supposed to do as they were told.  Today, more and more people are deciding for themselves what they should do and contribute.  Business owners face this question everyday in thinking about where we should focus our efforts and the efforts of our organizations.  Deciding what to do and where to focus is a deep skill that we all can improve.  Of all this list, deciding well where to focus may well be the most important skill that can be learned and improved with effort.
With modern opportunity comes responsibility, says Drucker.  Learning how to manage ourselves is as important a skill and process as there is — no matter where we go or what we do, our selves will always be with us.
Related Links and Topics:Peter Drucker book

 

Great Business Partners Give You Keys to Success

Business grows through partnerships — sometimes just for a brief transaction and sometimes for life.  Despite the false cliche that “nice guys finish last,” my experience has been that being able to forge good partnerships forges keys to long-term success.  This is because very little happens over night.  It always takes more time and more people that one would prefer to accomplish anything of substance.  And, it takes time and relationships to form great partnerships.  A better phrase should be the “Best Partners Finish First.”Business Partners

I have been blessed with wonderful business and personal partnerships.  I think my first business partnership was a childhood business in Cody, Wyoming, with my brother and Jess McGee (I’m 44 in green) in the classic lemonade stand and the more entrepreneurial shoe shine business below.  I formed a partnership with a college friend, Kevin Watters, and others to do an Internet start-up in 1994.  We had a team of core partners at Student Advantage during our venture-capital raise and subsequent IPO in the late 1990’s.  My high school friend and business partner, Tim Veitzer, and I have had a wonderful partnership since acquiring the National Holistic Institute in 2003 and managing it for 10 years — so far.

At my investment fund, Greybull Stewardship, I enjoy tremendously my partnerships with the management teams at the companies in which we’ve invested  — it is my favorite part of that endeavor.  And, I have a wonderful set of partners who have provided capital to the Greybull Stewardship fund.

I have yet to have a partnership turn sour — I hope it never happens.  Sometimes one can learn more from failures than from successes, so maybe I have some important lessons yet to learn.  Nonetheless, here are some thoughts that I think are good to think about as we all try and be great partners.Shoe Shine Business Partners

Make Yourself a Great Business Partner

  • Focus on alignment and communication up front.  Making sure that goals and values are aligned up-front saves a lot of energy later.
  • Always do more than your fair share.  The best advice I ever got about being a partner is to try and do more than what you may think is your fair share.  This is for a simple reason of information asymmetry: we always know more about what we are doing than what our partner is doing.  If we aren’t careful, we can fall into the trap of thinking that we are doing more, simply because we are more aware of our work.  Thus, I find it to be a healthy attitude to strive to do more than expected in each partnership and feel good about that.  That is a great way to eliminate the worry that you are doing too much or aren’t getting a fair shake.
  • Enjoy the work of investing in the partnership.  Every relationship is work, and you want the work of investing in the partnership to be enjoyable — whatever that is for you.
  • Communicate.  Things can go sidewise easily as soon as we start assuming things or wondering about things.  Communication helps all as we all know and understand better what is happening with the other person.
  • Give each other space.  Let each partner have some space, responsibility, and freedom.
  • Partnerships can create tremendous efficiencies.  Partnerships are so much work, it is important to get the benefit — efficiencies — and the leverage of having partners.  Having a partner means that you should be able to divide and accomplish more.  I like how some large companies often have co-CEO’s so that twice as many customers feel that they have a direct line to the CEO.  Of course, some things require the brain power of all partners and it is more enjoyable to do it together.
  • Have complementary skills when possible.  Everyone always gives this advice and it is correct.  I, however, have not been good at this in my endeavors.  I think it is because I find myself being friends with people with similar interests.  Complementary skills can be keys because they help leverage the partnership and they help each partner to have his or her own space.
  • Have a way to make decisions.  There is no right way to make decisions, but establishing a culture around decision-making is important.  If you have to rely on the legal documents, you have already failed.  Some partnerships defer to the partner that is most passionate (Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield of Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream).  Some people defer to the partner in their areas of expertise.  Some partnerships want consensus for any major decision.  There is no one perfect answer, but it is important to be on the same page about how your partnership will make decisions.

There aren’t many things in business more important than partnerships.  Many things worth doing require multiple people rowing in the same direction.  Improving our skills on how to be a good partner could be the most important skills to all of our long-term success.

Related Posts

Venture Capital Myths — Not the Answer for Many Companies

Venture capital has been tremendously successful in the United States.  In some ways, it has almost been too successful in that many entrepreneurs think traditional venture capital is the only path to success.  That is not true.  This article in the Harvard Business Review by Diane Mulcahy of the Kauffman Foundation helps explain some of what is good and bad about venture capital.Raising Venture Capital

Six Myths about Venture Capital

These six myths are from Ms. Mulcahy while the commentary afterward is mine.

  1. Venture Capital is the Primary Source of Start-up Financing.  Fewer than 1% of US companies have raised capital from traditional venture capitalists, and it is probably dropping.  It costs less to start a company today than twenty years ago, so fewer entrepreneurs are forced to seek capital from VC’s.  More companies are able to finance their growth from their customers.  Angel investing and crowd-funding are now entering the picture as well in a bigger way; these will probably evolve to be capital sources with promise and with pitfalls.
  2. VC’s Take a Big Risk when They Invest in Your Start-Up.  Venture capitalists are looking for home-run investments and they do not care if they have investments that return nothing or very little.  Partly, this is because of their financial incentives at play.  Ms. Mulcahy mentions how little of the money comes from the VCs themselves versus the institutions and endowments that invest through such venture firms.  Every company founder should ask himself or herself whether taking on a partner with different motivations that is going all-in all the time is the best answer for his or her company.
  3. Most VC’s Offer Great Advice and Mentoring.  Sometimes this is true, but it is often not true.   Every situation is different and founders should pay close attention to their exact circumstances.
  4. VC’s Generate Spectacular Returns.  For over a decade, venture capital returns have been negative or close to zero, not even close to what could have been achieved through public market investments.  The top-tier firms perform consistently well (please see this post on consistently persistent performance), but many others have returns worse than zero.  At a VC firm, this will put tremendous pressure on them eventually to get good returns or close up shop.  And that pressure will flow downhill to company founders.
  5. In VC, Bigger is Better.  Investment returns often decline when a flood of money enters the field — this was the case in the last twenty years in venture capital.  And, there are studies that show that the larger the VC fund, the lower their returns.  It can help a small entrepreneur to be with a big, well-known venture firm, but it doesn’t help the big firm’s investment returns.
  6. VC’s Are Innovators.  The industry has grown, but I often hear the investors in venture funds complain about the lack of innovation that Ms. Mulcahy explains.  So, don’t try and break the conventional ways of doing things when you are working with traditional venture capitalists.

Founders should consider all of their options when looking for investment capital.  Venture firms are the perfect answer for many founders.  For many others, there are other sources of capital that are better suited to their company and their particular situation.  Like many things in life, finding the optimal investor for your company is often about putting in the hard work to find the investor that is best aligned with you and your company.

Related Posts

Enhanced by Zemanta