The Business Cycle Also Rises – Hard-Earned Wisdom of Business Cycles

business cycleA business cycle increase the degree of difficulty in managing a business.  Watching (and experiencing) some unconnected sectors undergoing big cycles right now has me thinking about cycles.  Here are some big ones currently: a) Silicon Valley start-up valuations declining after a 7-8 year boom, b) oil prices bouncing around a 20-year bottom, c) interest rates nearing the end (one of these years) of a 30-40 year decline and therefore super high prices for bonds, d) private post-secondary education in the US hitting a 15-20 year low spot after boom times after the financial crisis, e) beef prices as seen through the Stockman Grass Farmer newspaper, f) commodity price declines and therefore subsequent declines in farm land prices and farm capital equipment makers (John Deere), g) big, processed food manufacturers starting to have declining volume after having growing volume since World War II, and h) stock market bouncing around a 7-8 year high.   I am sure there are many more; these just came to mind quickly.

Business Cycle Lessons Learned

Business cycles are a fact of business life.  Ok, how do you manage through the cycles?  Here is some wisdom I stole from Warren Buffett and Allan Nation of the Stockman Grass Farmer (one of my favorite observers of business). And I am sure they have borrowed from others:

  • Build a balance sheet to withstand the slow times.  So logical, yet so difficult to do.  Warren Buffett says that if you have a highly variable income, he suggests saving 40% of annual profits in cash and liquid investments.  Debt can often create big problems for cyclical businesses particularly because it is easy to load up on debt in good times (see the comments on lenders below).
  • Keep your wits about you — do everything you need to do but also do not over react.  You are never as smart as it seems at the top of a cycle and never as dumb as it seems (mostly!) at the bottom of a cycle.  Keep your wits about you and find the right balance between changing the things you must and not over-reacting.  Most importantly, do not think you are a genius at the top of the cycle when you can be a little cautious.
  • The top of the cycle is not normal.  We always remember the high points; but we need to remember that a high point is not normal.  We cannot build our businesses for the best of times, we need to build them to work in all times.
  • Keep fixed expenses low.  There is no better protection than to be maniacal about keeping fixed costs low.  This is important protection against difficult times, because it is often just too difficult, too slow and too disruptive to change fixed costs when a company is in trouble.  In recent years, I helped a company get out of a bad lease that was 5x bigger and more expensive than what they needed.  We got lucky to get out of it, but no one wants to rely on luck for success.
  • Keep headcount as low as you can, and avoid large swings in headcount.  At one Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting, Warren Buffett put up a chart of the headcount in the Berkshire Hathaway insurance operations compared to the premium volume written by year.  There was huge swings in premium volume as Berkshire wrote a lot of volume when premium prices were high and wrote very little when premium prices were low (very difficult to execute, by the way).  At the same time, the insurance personnel headcount did not fluctuate much.  He explained that he wanted to keep the headcount low as a general rule and also help give those insurance people confidence that they can turn down insurance deals when pricing is low, and not just write volume to stay busy and keep their jobs.  Plus, it is just too painful to make big changes in headcount in a down cycle if we let headcounts get too big in good times.  This is also very difficult to execute when employees are screaming for help in busy times — which means that a constant effort to find more efficient methods and keep headcount low is important.
  • Lenders lend money based on your industry, not your specific business.  Bankers tend to lend money at the height of the cycle and get antsy at the bottom of the cycle, exacerbating things.  I had this happen to our private post-secondary school business.  As Nation writes, “Your lenders probably know a lot less about your industry than you do and he judges the safety of your loan by seeing how other customers in your industry are doing.  If one of those customers gets into trouble, everyone in that industry is in trouble, because he will slam the lending window shut.”
  • Watch leading indicators (your customers and your customers’ customers and other players in your eco-system).  Here is what Nation writes about the cattle business: “What is confusing, particularly to cow-calf producers, is that there normally is a considerable lag when it appears that your buyer will continue to pay you high prices even though his sales price is falling.  So, we tend to do nothing and continue on as if we were going to miss the financial bloodbath affecting everyone else.  But, we never do.”  In private post-secondary education, it is obvious on a macro scale that the government will have tighter and tighter budgets into the future and that the traditional (public) institutions were likely to fight back against the rising market share of private institutions to protect the flow of financial aid money.
  • It is helpful to have “two games”, not just one game in a cyclical market.  As Nation wrote, “The only way to take (inventory) profits out of a cyclical business was to sell out and go do something else until the market has bottomed out and then buy back in.  This is why my Dad always said you had to have two games going in order to play one well.  There are times when retreat is the best strategy.  While this strategy is obvious in hindsight, it is almost impossible for most of us to do.  Another problem with this strategy is: what do we do while we are waiting for the market to bottom?  I have not seen many people who can sit on a pile of cash for years without doing something stupid with it.  You must have something that can keep you occupied and that runs on a different price cycle.”
  • Regulators are fighting the last war, and therefore can exacerbate cycles.  In banking, lenders seem to continue to be reacting to the financial crisis and still are not lending to small businesses because of the increased regulatory cost of every loan and the regulators somehow prefer large company loans.  In private post-secondary education, regulators saw the booming enrollments of 2009-2012 with very high profit margins for the public companies, and decided (maybe rightly in some cases) to do something about it.  Their actions made the private post-secondary decline deeper and even more difficult than it otherwise would have been.  In California, over half of the private schools have gone out of business in the last four years.
  • Your customer’s health is what counts.  From Nation: “What really counts in all forms of business is, ‘How is your customer doing?’ If he is doing well, you will too.  If he isn’t, you will eventually feel his pain.”

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Network of Experts to Support Greybull Companies

“There are always more smart people outside your company than inside your company.”
We are utilizing this idea in our strategy to assist our portfolio companies in Greybull Stewardship.
network of experts

 Network of Experts

As we think about the future of Greybull, we have been thinking about how to best help our portfolio companies — if and when asked to help.  The first piece of our philosophy is to create the environment for our CEO’s and management teams to do their best work.  Usually, that means getting out of their way.  Occasionally, a company requests assistance with an initiative, a project, or a decision.  When asked, we love to help.

 Assistance for our companies

Once asked, we are building a Network of Experts to assist with anything that a company may need in any function.  From Accounting to Sales, to HR, to Marketing, to Technology, to whatever, our goal is to have ideas and a way to bring experts to assist as needed.  We love this strategy because:
  • Every day brings more free agents, consultants, and independent folks who have world-class skills.  Some people predict that half of the workforce will be free agents by the year 2020.  There is a robust supply of high-quality individuals available to us.
  • High skills and talent.  Not only are there a lot of these people, they are talented and skilled.  Particularly with the ever-changing and ever-evolving skills required in business, this network will always have more skill and talent than could ever be built inside one investment firm.
  • It is efficient.  It reduces the overhead at the Greybull fund level, and it reduces overhead at each company.  Plus, it is efficient for portfolio companies so they don’t have to start their search for help from scratch.

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Cheers to the Greybull All-Star Management Teams and CEOs

I love the companies Greybull Stewardship has invested with and I love working with the all-star management teams running those businesses.  As we turn the corner into 2016, those are my overwhelming thoughts and feelings.
cheers to Greybull CEO's

 Greybull All-Star Management Teams

Here are some of the reasons why:
  • Working with wise, energetic partners is so much more enjoyable than managing employees.  Nothing against employees, but that type of relationship can be more tiresome for both parties.  I love that Greybull’s CEO’s and all-star management teams are smart, focused, responsible, and getting stuff done — real partners.
  • We complement each other well.  In a partnership, it helps to have clear domains of responsibility and expertise.  Many things are joint decisions and discussions, and it is also great when we all do not have to think about everything.  I love that I can bring my and Greybull’s expertise to our endeavors in some areas, and I love having the experts manage their business.
  • We created a lot of value in 2015.  During the year, we undertook many growth initiatives, tackled many challenges, had to evolve our businesses and thinking, and got stressed about many things.  It was a difficult year, and it was easy to get caught in the anxiety and responsibility of doing it all well.  When I look back on the year, it was worth it.  We grew our profits, expanded the moats around our businesses, and created value for Greybull.  That feels good.
  • I learn every week.  Because good partners bring unique knowledge and skill, I find myself learning every week.  I love that.  Every Greybull company has good tactics and strategies that are evolving and interesting.  Every industry is interesting.  I feel a little guilty to be learning so much from my partners. I hope they can learn a little from me as well.

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Evergreen Investment Capital Gains More Traction

This idea should be obvious:  Most companies will not do their best work if forced to grow artificially fast (think growth hormones). venture_capital_industrial_farming

If you aim everything toward fattening up for an exit time; if you force-feed unnatural energy like corn or capital, binge on antibiotics, and then hope the market remains alive for that highly processed output, you will not thereby be green, nor in charge in five years.

Evergreen doesn’t flip out at 4 years

Traditional venture capital is this force-fed, binge-eating, industrial-farm version of artificially growing companies.

That may not be fair — it is not all bad.  It works well for a small subset of companies.  It makes no sense for the rest of us to emulate that model when it isn’t appropriate for the vast majority of companies.

Evergreen Capital for Evergreen Companies

My fund, Greybull Stewardship, is built to be an alternative.  Our capital and structure are evergreen.  We do not force companies to grow artificially or to exit on a specific timeframe.  We are free to do what is best for the business over time.

Inc. Magazine this month included a good article, written by Bo Burlingham, on the growing movement of founders to finance their company in a manner so they do not have to sell.  Evergreen models for their company and their financing are particularly attractive to people who have played the venture capital game a few times and realize there is a more modern, better way to build a company.  The Inc Magazine article also includes an infographic that makes the case for not selling.  It is worth reading.

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Dodging Bullets Keys Investment Success

Great investors have skills to seize opportunities and get into good situations.  Equally as important can be the skill at “scrambling out of bad situations,” as Charlie Munger would say, or “dodging bullets” as it sometimes feels when helping companies solve challenges.  investment dodging bulletsAt the Berkshire meeting this year, Charlie mentioned a few times how “scrambling out of bad situations” was an under-appreciated key to Berkshire Hathaway’s long-term investment success.

Investment Bumps

This year has been a year where several of my investments dodged bullets.  The companies are doing well, we are creating great value, and there are always challenges being thrown at us.  We sometimes need to dodge a bullet.  A bullet is usually not a life or death thing for the company, but it can be.  This summer, I also read this book about Elon Musk, Tesla, and SpaceX — it was fascinating to read about the company-threatening bullets Musk dodged with Tesla and SpaceX.  The stories about Travis Kalanick, founder of Uber, also have many tales of the bullets he dodged in earlier start-ups and business situations before he hit on Uber (plenty of bullets there as well).

Dodging Investment Bullets

Here are some things I have found helpful in dodging bullets (with still plenty to learn) with private company investments:

  • Identify the bullet — do not fool yourself.  It may be uncomfortable to face a difficult situation, or admit it is there.  The first step is realizing a bullet is in the air and not trying to kid yourself about whether it is flying toward you or not.
  • Keep calm and be rational.  It is important to keep emotion at bay, focus on the task at hand, and make rational choices.
  • Intention, attention, no tension.  Once the bullet is identified, it pays to work hard on the challenge, but also not to work so tightly that you paralyze yourself.  This is a phrase used by Marci Shimoff in her research on happiness and achieving goals.  It is effective to state your intention, give the goal plenty of attention, but also make sure one does not have too much tension around it.
  • Put in the effort to create options.  Nothing is more valuable in business than having options to choose among.  Running out of options is truly when you can get stuck.  Thus, I have always found that it pays off to create options, no matter how much work it requires (often double/triple/quadruple the work).  Sometimes the process of just doing the work of creating options is helpful as it feels better to be doing something than just sitting around and hoping things work out.

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Ownership Mind: A Prerequisite for Equity Owning

There is an old fashion idea that one “should dress for the position that you want.”  If you want to be a bank executive, you should wear a suit and tie even if your current role does not require it.  Not sure this reference is totally relevant today except as a metaphor, but that’s for another conversation.equity ownership

The phrase came to mind as I was thinking about how some leaders have an “equity mindset,”  an “ownership mindset” and some simply think like a hired hand, no matter how much they may think that they want to own equity.  To truly have an equity mindset, one usually has understand how to “sacrifice now for gain later” as Charlie Munger would say.  It means making sure that others (customers, employees, other shareholders) are taken care of first, and some days there will be something left over and some days there won’t be.

Equity Mindset

In my experience, people usually have to start thinking like an owner, or thinking with an equity mindset, before they really are in a position to gain true equity — either by starting something themselves or by earning it in their current organization.  An attitude of “I eat first” does not usually inspire others to share equity with you.  If you are to be their partner, they want to see the sacrifice and responsibility to put others first and to share for the benefit of the greater organization.  This is usually vital to the long-term health of any organization, and therefore the long-term health of the organization’s equity. As George Gilder has written: capitalism gives first and then receives.

An equity mindset conveys another subtle and important signal to others: confidence.  Confident people demonstrate the willingness to sacrifice now, and bet on their own ability for gains later.  This confidence is attractive.  Knowing that we will win together or lose together is attractive.  The opposite would be: I will win first and then maybe share. Many examples of the opposite which are not attractive can be seen in the daily press.

Ownership Equity Definitions

Ownership is often an over-used term so it may mean different things to different people.  Some people may see an attitude of “this is mine” like a 2-year old, or a lack of consideration of others.  To me, ownership means being ultimately responsible for the long-term health of an endeavor and for all of the constituents of that endeavor.

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Rational Investing vs Irrational Entrepreneurship (Admirable Idealism)

When asked at this year’s meeting, “What matters most at Berkshire Hathaway?”  Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett quickly agreed: “Seeing things the way they are.”keep calm and be rational

Rational As Opposed to Smart

Warren and Charlie then went to one of their favorite topics about how the success of Berkshire hinges on their ability to be “more rational” than others.  Charlie explained, “We are good at being rational.  Our main duty is to be as rational possible.  It is a moral duty.  Confucius said it is dishonorable to be more stupid than you have to be.”

This is a theme that has been present in many of their interviews, books and speeches over the years.  They believe that each of us has a responsibility to keep learning and to keep getting wiser and more rational.  Note that they use “rational” as the opposite of “stupid” (rather than the opposite of stupid being “smart”).  This is intentional as they often say that intelligence can be a disadvantage and can lead people to do stupid things.  To them, life success is more about being wise and rational than smart.

Rational Investing and Entrepreneurship, Different Yet Similar

For me, these comments prompt thoughts about the differences, and similarities, between being a good investor and a good entrepreneur.  Neither is better or worse than the other.  They are just different.  Each of us may focus on such different skills at different times in our life, or different moments in our same job.  We all must find a balance between these effective mindsets.  As an investor, it is important to watch the world happen and seize on opportunities.  In a sports analogy, you should take what the defense gives you.  Do not try and force a personal belief or hypothesis on the world.  Do not fool yourself or fall in love with an idea.  Do not fall into confirmation bias.  Focus on seeing the world as it is, seeing things as they are, and then utilize an incorrectly priced asset, a misallocation of risk, or another opportunity to your advantage.

As Benjamin Graham wrote, use Mr. Market to your advantage rather than as your guide. Learn the skill to be patient enough to watch and react (and remain disciplined enough to react only when the opportunities are particularly good). Use rational investing as an advantage.

Entrepreneurship is often described as “changing the world” and thereby putting the stamp of your idea on the world.  It is the art of seeing things the way they COULD be.  It is being proactive, not reactive.  Entrepreneurship may require more outward convincing of others of the opportunity — rather than the investor being able quietly to make his move without having to convince anyone else.

Yet, at the same time, one could look at the best entrepreneurs as shades of the best investors and vice versa.  They see an opportunity that does not seem as risky to them as to the rest of the world.  They take rational risks to move their idea forward, not gambles that bet the company.  They assess the risk and reward of a new opportunity and deem it worthwhile.  Even the most aggressive entrepreneurs have the wisdom to be patient at times.  Entrepreneurs need to be idealistic to get themselves and others motivated about the opportunity, yet realistic with themselves about “seeing things the way they are” today so they can plot the best course possible toward the ideal state they are seeking.

Two up and two down

I have been all of the above in my life: A) an irrational (and too hopeful) an investor which is the most damaging sin as an investor, B) an irrational entrepreneur (when I was too young to know any better), C) a rational investor, and D) a rational entrepreneur.  Better results come from the last two than the first two.

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Diverse Fundraising Market Requires More Filtering than Ever

Private company fundraising is becoming more diverse, robust, and complicated by the day.  This is good news for private companies, but not without some downsides.

When unique (and often better) doesn’t fit traditional fundraising

A core hypothesis of my investment fund, Greybull Stewardship, is that there are huge numbers of awesome companies that do not fit the traditional venture capital or traditional private equity mindset.Greybull Focus of Smaller Profitable Companies  Greybull exists to provide certain companies an ideal investor.  Usually, that means the companies value our ongoing structure and strategy.  We do not swing for home runs (and therefore we do not have strike outs).  We have an evergreen fund structure (no fund expiration after ten years) that allows us to avoid placing fund-level limitations and restrictions on our portfolio companies.  We are also not a family office, thank goodness, that shifts strategies as the hired hands come and go and the family members have changes in their lives (and drama).

Our investments are free to pursue the strategies, growth rates, and exit timing (or not) that makes sense for their businesses. This graphic shows the focus of Greybull Stewardship from a broad perspective that is different from the traditional private equity or venture capital flips.

More excellent companies every day are deciding that the traditional financing models are not ideal for their businesses. And there are more diverse capital sources that could be potential matches of fit and focus.

A riff about fundraising

The latest example of this broke out last week in a blog from Henry Ward at eShares which was then was riffed about in the blogs of prominent venture capitalists: Fred Wilson in ‘Go East Young Man (or Woman)’ and Brad Feld in ‘Unicorns Without the Magic’.

Here are some key points made by Henry Ward in his blog about his Series A financing — and he even includes his impressive pitch deck here:

Fundraising is a filtering process, not a popularity contest.  I could tell within 5 minutes of meeting an investor whether he or she would invest. . . . . Fundraising is simple: find investors that get excited about your company.  It is a filtering exercise.  Too many founders believe they have the wrong pitch instead of realizing they have the wrong audience.

We were 0 for 21 with Silicon Valley VCs.  I never got close.  Most of the big firms wouldn’t even meet.  By Silicon Valley standards, we’re a weird company.

Our company culture proved a mismatch too.  In our pitch, we were very open about our strategy: “We will never ‘bet the company.’  eShares has too much responsibility to our customers.  We can never disappear.  We will always prioritize protecting the downside over maximizing the upside.”  That doesn’t fit most VC strategies of “swinging for the fences.”

How to filter effectively for fundraising?

These thoughts raise the question how of a founder or management team can filter effectively, particularly when their time is limited and the marketplace is becoming more diverse and complicated every day.  Here are some tips that may be helpful:

  1. Use the associates at investment firms for your purposes. Use the quick 15-30 minutes phone calls from investment firm associates to gather information.  In many cases, they will be reaching out to you to see if your company fits their profile and will ask questions such as your revenue, growth rate, total addressable market, competitors, etc.  Answer their questions succinctly and you will be able to tell whether you fit their filter.  Whatever you do, do not try and morph your company to fit their filter as it is better to move-on quickly than try and fit with a fickle firm.  Then, have your own filtering questions such as their typical check size, company stage, capital and time left in their current fund, profile of their target investments, industries or market focus, and probably more company specific questions relevant to your situation.
  2. Filter without using up your own time.  Be clear in your communication and use other tools and provide information designed to filter.  Blog posts, the initial info you provide about your company, your website, etc. should all be tools to help you find your especially excited investors without wasting too much of your time.  Most importantly, you should describe your company clearly and succinctly and describe what you are seeking.  Some people think that they will keep it vague and then morph their company and opportunity to the tastes of the investor.  That is the easiest way to waste a ton of time.  You are better off getting early ‘No’s’ by being clear — than keeping a lot of vague prospects on your mental list.
  3. Ask for referrals.  Tell people exactly what you are looking for and ask for referrals.  There is a reasonable chance that a chain of referrals will lead to a firm that is a good fit.  For this to work, you need to be very clear for what you are looking.  This is sort of like job-hunting — it is easiest for people to help when they know exactly what you want (even if you are faking your conviction a bit).
  4. Look for geographic and philosophical diversity.  Try looking in different areas of the country and investors that are likely to think differently than the traditional venture lemmings (I mean ‘vc’s’).
  5. Spread the work out over time.  With a short time deadline, it is difficult to make the diversity of financing sources work to your advantage.  It is better to spend little amounts of time every week well in advance of needing any capital.
  6. Filter without traveling — until you find people who are excited about you.  Do not waste time traveling until your filter has identified financing sources that have made it through the biggest filters.

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Angel Investing Not As Prevalent nor Effective As You May Think

Angel investing has reached a new level of interest by the general public because start-ups are doing well and there are new ways to be an angel (AngelList, crowdfunding, etc.).angel investor  The New York Times recently published an article about the pros and cons of angel investing for entrepreneurs and investors.  In the late 1990’s dot-com era, I did some angel investing and quickly learned its shortcomings both for the entrepreneur and for the investor.  Yet, that does not mean that angel investing isn’t perfect for some situations.

The bottom-line, for me, is that there is no one best source for early-stage capital.  I recommend putting in the hard work and the time to find the investors who are best aligned with your goals and your needs. It could be your own 401k, or friends and family, or a bank loan.  Or, the best of all – existing and potential customers!  I wrote an earlier blog post about customer financing.

90% researching, 10% pitching

In fact, 90% of your time and work should be spent thinking about, locating, and researching the best sources of capital given your objectives.  If you do that, only 10% of your time will actually be pitching and closing the financing.

Funding Sources from Kauffman Foundation

Now, a few things to keep in mind with raising capital:

  • Venture Capital is a very small percentage of the early stage financing.  Unless you are ex-(pick a successful Silicon Valley company) and have an idea where it is obvious how it will reach $100 million in revenue within 5 years, do not waste your time.  In a large study by the Kauffman Foundation, they found that only 4.4% of startups utilized venture capital (see chart nearby).
  • Angels are also a small percentage of financing (only 5.8% of startup financing), and they come with some baggage.  The New York Times writes about how angels subject the entrepreneur to dozens of opinions, and there is no one person to step-up and contribute real effort and time when things are not going as well as expected.

Angel results not predictable, most unexpected

If you are an investor type anxious to participate in the productivity boom represented by Silicon Valley type start-ups, I would think twice.  If Peter Thiel is your best friend, then go for it.  If not, you probably do not know the right people to get access to the best deals.

Fortune magazine’s Dan Primack wrote about angel investing that “just because it is legal does not mean it is good for you” in this column titled “We’re all investors, but we’re no angels.”  I have a friend who has invested as an angel in over 70 companies who said it was the most unexpected ones that made the best return while most turned into “zeroes” – angel parlance for a total loss.  In my opinion, the large portfolio strategy is the way to do angel investing if you must. The reason is that angel investing is nothing more than gambling and you need a large portfolio to make sure that you hit some winners.

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Podcast Interview about Competitive Advantage, Berkshire Hathaway, & Recurring Revenue

I recently enjoyed being interviewed for a podcast with Jock Purtle of Digital Exits where we discuss what Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger would invest in today — if they were young. Hint: competitive advantages, DigitalExitsPodcastlogorecurring revenue.

What would Buffett and Munger invest in if they were young now?

The answer is a surprise because Buffett and Munger often say that they cannot predict technology 10 years into the future — that is their proxy for feeling confident that they “understand the business.”  At the Berkshire annual meeting for a few years now, however, Charlie has said that he would work on finding online or technology businesses that have competitive advantages, recurring revenue, and can scale quickly.  To me, it seems that he sees in these businesses the same characteristics that they looked for in their heyday with newspapers, consumer products companies, insurance companies like Geico, and more.  They strove to find businesses with inherent advantages (economies of scale, network effects, unique distribution channels) that would be strong businesses for many decades.

The podcast can be found here at Digital Exits with Mason Myers.

Some of the topics we covered include:

  • Value of recurring revenue
  • Search funds and independent sponsors
  • What should you plan to do (or not) on the first 100 days after you buy a business?
  • Competitive advantages and network effects

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Transcription from Digital Exits:

Jock: Welcome back to another episode of the Digital Exits Podcast. I’m your host, Jock Purtle. And today, we have Mason Myers, from

MasonMyers.com and also Greybull Stewardship. Mason, welcome to the podcast.

Mason: Thank you very much, Jock. It’s good to be here.

Jock: Excellent. So we’re just chatting on the call beforehand. I actually came across your personal blog when I was doing some research into search funds, and I was telling Mason that I read every single article on his site over a one or two day period, which is a big kudos to him. Love the content. He talks about investing through his company, Greybull, and then value investing, which I’m a big fan of. For those who don’t know, value investing was coined through the book The Intelligent Investor, and then Warren Buffett has built his fortune based on that sort of strategy. So let’s jump over to you. Want to give everyone sort of a quick background of you as an entrepreneur, and then do you want to tell me a little bit about Greybull? Continue reading